Facts about Skin Cancer and How to Stay Safe
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, yet it remains one of the least understood. With many different types and causes, understanding skin cancer and learning about ways to prevent it are vital, particularly for individuals at higher risk. Skin cancer can develop slowly or quickly, depending on the type, but early detection makes a significant difference in treatment success and outcomes.
In this blog, we’ll delve into interesting and lesser-known facts about skin cancer, explore the risk factors, and provide effective tips on how to protect your skin. Additionally, we’ll cover the importance of regular skin cancer screenings and discuss common treatment options like Mohs Surgery. If you’re high-risk or simply want to learn more about how to take care of your skin, read on!
Things You May Not Know About Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers globally, yet it is often overshadowed by other types, even though it accounts for about one-third of all cancer cases worldwide. Although skin cancer can affect people of any age, race, or gender, certain groups are more susceptible. This prevalence highlights the importance of understanding skin cancer risk factors and taking proactive steps to protect skin health.
Skin cancer is the most common time of cancer globally.
Skin cancer is diagnosed more frequently than any other type of cancer. According to the World Health Organization, between two to three million cases of non-melanoma skin cancers are diagnosed each year, along with 132,000 cases of melanoma. In Singapore, skin cancer rates have risen over recent decades, making it vital for individuals to understand the risks and take preventative steps.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, often appearing as a flesh-coloured or pinkish bump.
BCC is generally not as aggressive as other types of skin cancer, but it can be locally invasive. Though BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues if untreated. Sun exposure is the primary cause, making protection from UV rays essential.
Melanoma, though less common, is the deadliest type of skin cancer.
Melanoma can quickly spread to other organs if not detected early. This type of skin cancer is known for its characteristic appearance, often starting as an unusual mole or dark spot on the skin. Regular self-examinations and screenings are essential for early detection and better treatment outcomes.
Skin cancer can develop in places not exposed to the sun.
While UV exposure is a primary cause, skin cancer can also develop in areas typically covered by clothing, such as the soles of the feet or under nails. This fact highlights the need for comprehensive skin checks that include the entire body.
What Puts You at Risk? Lesser-known Risk Factors for Skin Cancer
Most people associate skin cancer with sun exposure, but there are other factors that increase your risk. Being aware of these can help high-risk individuals take proactive steps to safeguard their skin health.
Frequent UV Exposure
Cumulative exposure to UV rays from the sun or tanning beds is a major risk factor for skin cancer. The more time spent in the sun without adequate protection, the higher the likelihood of developing skin cancer.
Genetics and Family History
If a close family member has had skin cancer, you may have a genetic predisposition, particularly to melanoma. Those with fair skin and light-coloured eyes also have an increased risk due to lower levels of melanin, which naturally protects against UV damage.
Skin Type
Fair-skinned individuals with light-coloured hair and eyes are generally at higher risk because they produce less melanin. Although skin cancer can affect people of all skin tones, those with lighter skin are more susceptible to UV-induced damage.
Immunosuppression
People with weakened immune systems, whether due to medical conditions, certain medications, or organ transplants, face a higher risk of developing skin cancer. A compromised immune response makes it harder for the body to repair UV damage effectively.
Frequent Sunburns in Youth
A history of sunburns, especially during childhood, can increase the risk of skin cancer later in life. Early UV damage to skin cells has lasting effects, making preventive care even more critical for high-risk groups.
These risk factors highlight the importance of regular skin exams and protective measures for individuals with heightened vulnerability.
Proactive Skin Health: The Power of Self-Checks, Sun Protection, and Professional Screenings
These facts highlight the critical need for a proactive approach to skin health, particularly for high-risk individuals with factors like fair skin, frequent sun exposure, or a family history of skin cancer. Regular self-examinations allow individuals to detect early warning signs, such as asymmetry, irregular borders, or changes in size and colour, making it easier to catch skin abnormalities at an early, treatable stage. Complementing self-checks with protective measures, such as daily sunscreen use, sun-protective clothing, and seeking shade helps reduce cumulative skin damage from UVA and UVB rays, a significant risk factor for skin cancer. Most importantly, professional skin cancer screenings offer an expert assessment that can identify subtle signs of skin cancer that might go unnoticed, ensuring that even aggressive types like melanoma are detected and treated early. By combining regular skin checks, UV protection, and professional screenings, individuals can significantly lower their risk of advanced skin cancer and maintain healthier skin overall.
The Power of UV Protection: How to Safeguard Your Skin
UV protection is essential for everyone, as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and tanning beds is one of the leading causes of skin cancer. For high-risk individuals, including those with fair skin, a family history of skin cancer, or frequent outdoor exposure, UV protection is even more critical. UV rays can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that increase the likelihood of cancerous growths. Unlike many other risk factors, UV exposure accumulates over a lifetime, meaning each instance of sunburn or unprotected sun exposure adds to the total skin damage.
High-risk individuals are more susceptible to these cumulative effects, and even brief exposure without protection can significantly heighten their chances of developing skin cancer. Effective UV protection, such as using a broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours, acts as a preventative barrier that reduces skin cell damage and helps prevent cancerous changes. For high-risk groups, these measures are essential steps in managing their vulnerability and protecting long-term skin health.
Practical tips to protect your skin
Sunscreen Basics: Your Essential Shield
Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays, with an SPF of at least 30. Apply sunscreen generously to all exposed skin, and remember to reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
Protective Clothing
Sun-protective clothing offers a physical barrier that can help keep your skin safe. Wide-brimmed hats, UV-blocking sunglasses, and lightweight, long-sleeved shirts are excellent options. Many clothing brands now offer UPF-rated items specifically designed to block UV rays.
Timing Matters
UV radiation peaks between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., so try to limit direct sun exposure during these hours. Even on overcast days, up to 80% of UV rays can penetrate clouds, making year-round protection essential.
These practices are important not only during summer but throughout the year. Protecting your skin consistently can significantly reduce your chances of developing skin cancer and sun-induced skin damage.
Why Regular Skin Cancer Screenings Are a Lifesaver
Regular screenings are critical for early detection, especially for those at high risk. Early detection through screenings allows dermatologists to identify abnormal skin changes before they develop into more advanced or aggressive forms of cancer, significantly improving treatment outcomes. By catching skin cancer in its initial stages, patients have a higher chance of effective treatment with less invasive procedures, such as localized excision or Mohs surgery, which targets only the affected area while preserving healthy tissue.
Additionally, detecting cancer early can prevent it from metastasizing, or spreading, to other parts of the body, where treatment becomes more complex and outcomes less favorable. For high-risk individuals, scheduling regular skin cancer screenings is a proactive approach to managing skin health, reducing the need for more aggressive treatments, and increasing the chances of full recovery.
What Happens During a Screening?
A skin cancer screening is a non-invasive examination where a dermatologist inspects your skin for unusual spots, moles, or growths. Any suspicious areas are further examined, and in some cases, a biopsy is performed to test for cancer cells. Screenings are generally quick, painless, and provide valuable insights into your skin health.
Who Should Get Screened?
High-risk individuals, including those with a history of sunburns, fair skin, or a family history of skin cancer, should consider annual screenings. Medical & Surgical Dermatology Clinic in Singapore offers comprehensive skin cancer screenings to assess your skin’s health and guide you in maintaining it.
Screenings help detect skin cancer early, allowing for timely treatment before it progresses and making outcomes more favourable.
Skin Cancer Treatment Options: What You Need to Know
If diagnosed with skin cancer, knowing your treatment options can provide reassurance. Treatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, as well as the location and size of the tumour.
Here are common treatments:
Mohs Surgery
Mohs Surgery is a precise, effective treatment for skin cancer, especially basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. During Mohs Surgery, layers of skin are removed one at a time and examined until no cancer cells remain, sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. This method is ideal for areas like the face.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy involves using extreme cold to freeze and destroy abnormal cells. This treatment is often used for early-stage or superficial skin cancers and is typically quick, with minimal recovery time.
Topical Treatments
For non-melanoma skin cancers, topical creams containing cancer-fighting agents may be applied directly to the affected area, providing a non-invasive option for early-stage cases.
Each treatment offers unique benefits, and consulting with a dermatologist helps ensure the most effective approach for your type of skin cancer.
Self-Examinations: A Simple Habit That Could Save Your Life
Self-exams are a straightforward, effective way to detect skin cancer early. Here’s a guide on how to conduct one:
The ABCDEs of Melanoma
Follow the “ABCDE” rule to assess moles or growths:
Asymmetry: Is one half of the mole unlike the other?
Border: Are the edges irregular, blurred, or notched?
Colour: Does it have multiple colours or an uneven shade?
Diameter: Is it larger than 6mm (the size of a pencil eraser)?
Evolving: Has it changed in size, shape, or colour over time?
A regular monthly self-exam helps you monitor moles or skin changes. If you notice anything unusual, schedule a consultation with a dermatologist for a professional evaluation.
Preventive Care: Small Steps for Lasting Skin Health
Beyond UV protection, taking simple preventive steps can make a big difference in skin health and resilience. Here are a few tips:
Stay Hydrated
Drinking plenty of water supports the skin’s elasticity and overall health, helping it stay strong against environmental damage.
Eat a Skin-Healthy Diet
Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables help protect the skin from cellular damage. Foods like berries, leafy greens, and nuts are rich in vitamins and minerals that promote healthy skin.
Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol
Smoking and excessive alcohol can impair the skin’s natural resilience, causing it to age prematurely and making it more susceptible to skin cancers.
By following these preventive care habits along with regular skin cancer screenings, you can maintain healthier, more resilient skin throughout your life.
Take Charge of Your Skin Health Today
Your skin is your body’s first line of defence, and it deserves dedicated care. From UV protection to regular skin cancer screenings, there are many ways to keep your skin safe and healthy. At Medical & Surgical Dermatology Clinic, we’re here to support you with professional screenings, expert treatments, and preventive care guidance. Take the next step in safeguarding your skin, book your skin cancer screening with us today to stay proactive about your skin health.